From skepticism to mainstream adoption: Industry targeting 80 mn EVs by 2030

The electric vehicle (EV) sector has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, as consumer perceptions have evolved and industry growth has accelerated. Once seen as niche products with limited appeal, EVs are now considered viable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fuel-powered vehicles. As consumer perceptions shift, marketing strategies evolve, and infrastructure develops, the landscape of electric mobility is becoming increasingly complex and promising.

As per a Mordor Intelligence report, the India Electric Vehicle Market size is estimated at $54.41 billion in 2025, and is expected to reach $110.7 billion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 19.44% during the 2025-2029 period.

Electrifying Journey of EVs in India

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been around for over a century, but their widespread adoption has been relatively recent. India, with its growing population and increasing environmental concerns, has witnessed a significant surge in the popularity of EVs in recent years.

The first EV in India was a three-wheeler named VIKRAM SAFA, launched in 1996 by Scooter's India Pvt Ltd. While it had a limited production run, it paved the way for future EV development in the country. The early 2000s saw the introduction of electric buses and vans, but their market penetration was hindered by high costs and limited battery life.

The 21st century marked a renewed interest in EVs as environmental concerns became more prominent. Electric cars, with their quiet operation, zero emissions, and ease of use, gained popularity among urban commuters. However, the lack of charging infrastructure and limited operating range posed challenges to their widespread adoption.

To address these issues, various initiatives were undertaken. Exchangeable battery services were proposed to overcome range limitations, and partnerships between automotive companies and technology providers led to the development of electric bikes and scooters. The government also launched the FAME scheme to provide subsidies for electric vehicles and promote their adoption in major cities.

With government support and advancements in EV technology, India is well-positioned to become a global leader in the electric vehicle market.

Evolving Consumer Sentiment and Market Growth

Once considered niche, EVs are now seen as viable and eco-friendly alternatives to conventional vehicles. In India, the EV market is experiencing rapid growth with ambitious targets set for 2030: 30% of private car sales, 70% of commercial vehicles, 40% of buses, and 80% of two- and three-wheelers are expected to be electric. This goal translates to approximately 80 million EVs on the road by 2030, supported by the 'Make in India' initiative to boost domestic production.

Globally, the EV market, valued at US$ 255.54 billion in 2023, is projected to reach approximately US$ 2,108.80 billion by 2033, growing at a robust CAGR of 23.42%.

In India, EV sales rose by 49.25% in 2023, reaching 1.52 million units. The market is expected to expand from US$ 3.21 billion in 2022 to US$ 113.99 billion by 2029. The EV battery market alone is projected to jump from US$ 16.77 billion in 2023 to US$ 27.70 billion by 2028. Infrastructure development is also progressing, with 12,146 public EV charging stations operational as of February 2024 and a pressing need for 1.32 million more by 2030.

India’s EV industry extends beyond cars, encompassing two-wheelers, three-wheelers, and commercial vehicles. This growth is expected to generate millions of jobs and contribute significantly to India’s energy transition goals.

Prominent automakers like Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, and international players like Volvo have ramped up their EV production, contributing to a broader shift in consumer preferences. Additionally, investments in EV charging infrastructure have significantly increased, with both private companies and government entities establishing charging stations across the country.

Expectation Vs Reality of EV adoption – Insights from Industry Leaders

In the early days of the EV revolution, consumer skepticism was rife. Concerns centered around high purchase prices, range anxiety, and the availability of charging infrastructure. However, as technology improved and governments prioritized green initiatives, consumer perceptions shifted.

In particular, the two-wheeler EV market in India has seen impressive growth, largely exceeding initial industry expectations. Four-wheeler EVs, while growing steadily, have been slower to capture market share due to their higher costs and infrastructure demands. The initial industry expectations, particularly for four-wheelers, often forecasted quicker adoption, but the reality has been more gradual.

Samkit Shah, Co-Founder, Jitendra EV

"Consumer attitudes have become more favorable as technology has improved. While two-wheeler EVs have surpassed expectations due to affordability and practicality, the four-wheeler segment still faces challenges, such as slow infrastructure development and higher costs. Both segments, however, are evolving with government support, and this is expected to accelerate the transition to electric mobility."

Nitin Kapoor, Managing Director, SAERA Electric Auto Limited

"Circa 2020, skepticism was high with only about 10-12% of consumers considering EVs. Today, that number has drastically shifted to 60%, especially in urban areas. The two-wheeler segment, which was expected to hit 10% penetration by 2025, has already surpassed 17% in 2024. However, four-wheelers lag behind, reaching only 2.5% of market share—far below the anticipated 10%."

Veer Singh, CEO, Lord’s Automative Pvt. Ltd

"Two-wheelers have witnessed exponential growth, driven by lower costs and urban convenience. The four-wheeler market is gaining momentum but at a slower pace, primarily due to the high initial investment and limited infrastructure. Effective marketing strategies include government incentives, OEMs focusing on local production, and campaigns around environmental benefits and affordability."

Akash Gupta, Co-Founder and CEO, Zypp Electric

"The adoption of two-wheeler EVs has surpassed early predictions, with companies like Zypp Electric leading the way with a fleet of over 20,000 delivering more than 5 million packages monthly. While the four-wheeler segment has faced slower adoption due to higher costs and limited charging infrastructure, government incentives and corporate fleet electrification are poised to drive accelerated growth in both sectors."

Samrath Singh Kochar, Founder and CEO, Trontek

"EVs, once viewed as futuristic, are now becoming mainstream, especially in the two-wheeler segment. While initial concerns over range anxiety have eased with technological advancements, four-wheeler adoption remains slower but is improving as battery technology advances."

Tushar Choudhary, Founder & CEO, Motovolt Mobility

"The two-wheeler EV market has far exceeded expectations, growing from 45,000 units in FY 2021 to 950,000 units in FY 2024. Our focus is on making EVs affordable and accessible, while also building a network of service stations in underserved areas. This helps drive adoption in both urban and rural markets."

Pratik Kamdar, CEO & Co-Founder, Neuron Energy

"From skepticism to acceptance, consumers are increasingly recognizing the benefits of EVs in reducing carbon footprints. The adoption of two-wheelers has far exceeded initial projections, while the four-wheeler market is progressing slower due to higher costs and limited charging infrastructure."

Bharath Rao, Founder & CEO, Emobi

"While adoption rates for two-wheelers are outpacing four-wheelers, we are seeing more consumers equipped with knowledge about EVs. Though sales have dipped slightly due to subsidy cuts, the market is consolidating with better-engineered and more affordable vehicles."

Mitull Batraa, CEO & Co-Founder, Udaan Vehicles

"Electric mobility in India has evolved tremendously, particularly in the two-wheeler market, which now constitutes 56% of total EV sales. While the four-wheeler segment is also showing promising growth, driven by brands like Tata and Mahindra, the journey has been slower compared to initial industry expectations."

These insights collectively highlight the rapid advancement of two-wheeler EVs in India, surpassing projections, while four-wheeler EVs continue to face challenges but are slowly gaining momentum. Industry leaders emphasize the critical role of government incentives, infrastructure development, and technological improvements in driving future EV adoption.

Marketing Strategies driving EVs

Effective marketing strategies have been essential in accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), addressing consumer concerns while emphasizing the long-term benefits of making the switch to electric mobility. Here’s a look at the strategies being employed by EV leaders:

Samkit Shah, Jitendra EV
"In India, marketing strategies for electric vehicles (EVs) have varied between the two-wheeler and four-wheeler segments due to differing consumer needs, price sensitivities, and usage patterns. Marketing strategies for two-wheeler EVs in India have been most effective when focusing on affordability, local engagement, and eco-friendliness. In contrast, four-wheeler EV marketing often leverages advanced technology, premium positioning, and strong brand identity. Both markets benefit from clear communication about government incentives and the evolving charging infrastructure."

Akash Gupta, Zypp Electric
"At Zypp Electric, we prioritize strategies that lower the total cost of ownership and offer convenient charging solutions, providing peace of mind for our customers. Our focus on the two-wheeler segment highlights tangible benefits such as reduced TCO, minimal maintenance, and significant environmental advantages. By showcasing how logistics and last-mile delivery businesses can decrease operational costs and carbon footprints with electric two-wheelers, we have instilled confidence in our partners to expand their fleets."

Bharath Rao, Emobi

“While two-wheeler EVs have gained traction due to affordability, they face challenges in performance and charging infrastructure. Four-wheeler EVs, driven by commercial vehicles and improved charging, are seeing increased adoption. B2B segments will continue to be growth drivers for both two and four-wheeler EVs."

Nitin Kapoor, SAERA Electric Auto Limited
"Effective strategies in the two-wheeler segment have focused on addressing affordability and practical benefits, particularly through cost comparisons with petrol bikes. Brands like Ola Electric have capitalized on these advantages by leveraging hyperlocal marketing with regional influencers to connect with consumers in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities. Conversely, four-wheeler EV marketing has taken a more premium approach, emphasizing advanced technology and positioning EVs as luxury items, particularly appealing to affluent, tech-savvy buyers. Companies such as Tata Motors and MG Motors have emphasized performance-oriented features like long-range capability and advanced technology, appealing to affluent and tech-savvy consumers. "

Samrath Singh Kochar, Trontek
"In the two-wheeler market, convenience and affordability resonate with consumers. Campaigns highlighting easy city commutes, low maintenance costs, and eco-friendliness have been powerful. For four-wheelers, showcasing long-term savings, subsidies, and reduced carbon footprints have been effective in promoting EVs."

Tushar Choudhary, Motovolt Mobility
"For two-wheelers, the emphasis is on cost-effectiveness and convenience, targeting a price-sensitive audience. Strong digital and social media campaigns aimed at engaging younger demographics have been crucial. For four-wheelers, companies focus on experiential marketing, such as test drives, to dispel common myths about EVs, while luxury brands highlight exclusivity and advanced features."

Pratik Kamdar, Neuron Energy
"For two-wheelers, affordability and operational savings are key selling points, with campaigns focusing on cost-efficiency, convenience, and eco-friendliness. For four-wheelers, promoting advanced technology, luxury, and environmental benefits helps attract early adopters, while partnerships for home-charging solutions play a key role in ensuring long-term adoption."

Through these strategies, companies are not only selling vehicles but driving a broader shift toward sustainable transportation.

Charging Infrastructure: A Significant Barrier

Despite growing consumer interest, the lack of widespread charging infrastructure remains a significant barrier to electric vehicle (EV) adoption, particularly for four-wheelers. While home charging options cater to two-wheelers, the limited number of public charging stations creates range anxiety for potential four-wheeler EV buyers, especially in emerging markets. Governments and private companies are working to address this infrastructure gap, but progress remains a key factor in determining EV adoption rates.

Akash Gupta of Zypp Electric emphasized the significance of the charging infrastructure gap, particularly for four-wheelers. He noted: “The charging infrastructure gap is one of the most significant barriers to widespread EV adoption, especially for four-wheelers that require longer-range capabilities. For two-wheelers, this challenge is less pronounced due to swappable battery systems, reducing dependency on traditional charging infrastructure.”

Samkit Shah of Jitendra EV echoed similar concerns, stating: “The lack of widespread charging infrastructure is a significant barrier to EV adoption in India, affecting consumer confidence and the practical aspects of owning an EV. The government and private sector are working together through incentives and policies to address this issue.”

Bharath Rao of Emobi stressed the role of both public and private sectors, noting: “Government regulations are driving EV infrastructure, mandating the installation of chargers in public places. The private sector is increasing availability, primarily around fleet operations, with charging services contributing additional revenue.”

Veer Singh, CEO of Lord’s Automative Pvt. Ltd, added: “For two- and three-wheelers, home charging has played a significant role in accelerating adoption. However, the lack of public charging stations for four-wheelers remains a key barrier.”

Samrath Singh Kochar of Trontek highlighted the changing landscape, saying: “The Indian government is investing in 22,000 EV charging stations by 2025, and private companies are stepping up with innovative solutions like home charging kits and battery-swapping technology.”

Tushar Choudhary of Motovolt Mobility, acknowledged ongoing efforts: “There should be more charging stations to promote EV adoption. The National Charging Infrastructure Plan is expanding coverage to highways and urban areas, while private companies are also expanding their networks of fast chargers.”

Mitull Batraa from Udaan Vehicles pointed to the psychological challenge of range anxiety, noting: “The lack of public charging infrastructure is directly related to range anxiety, a psychological fear of running out of charge during a journey. Policymakers have mandated charging stations at key locations, and collaborations between EV manufacturers and power companies are helping to establish a more reliable network.”

Pratik Kamdar of Neuron Energy addressed the challenges faced by long-distance travel and rural areas, commenting: “While two-wheeler charging is relatively convenient, four-wheelers and commercial vehicles face more challenges. The government is focusing on expanding charging points on highways and decarbonizing the trucking sector.”

Differentiation in a Competitive EV Market

In a rapidly growing electric vehicle (EV) market, differentiation is essential for standing out. EV manufacturers are adopting unique strategies ranging from technological innovation to product design and customer service to establish their presence.

Nitin Kapoor emphasizes the importance of a diverse product portfolio to appeal to various market segments. He notes: "At Saera, we stand out by offering a range of products from Golf Carts to E-Rickshaws and soon our e-Two-Wheeler segment. Each requires distinct positioning and messaging. Our flagship brand, Mayuri, was the first e-Rickshaw brand in India, and we continue innovating to build on that legacy."

For Samkit Shah, the focus is on sustainability and affordability. He says, "We differentiate through technological innovation and competitive pricing. Our focus on eco-friendly practices and comprehensive aftersales service appeals to eco-conscious consumers."

Veer Singh, highlights customer-first strategies. "We provide a 360° e-mobility solution, offering features like round-the-clock roadside assistance and doorstep service support. Our focus is on reliability and operating economies, which gives us an edge."

Innovation in battery and charger technology is Samrath Singh Kochar's, key differentiator. "Our IP67 chargers surpass market standards in durability and performance. We power over 100,000 e-rickshaws and more than 200,000 electric two-wheelers, which sets us apart in the industry."

Akash Gupta  offers a unique EV-as-a-service platform. "We manage everything from charging to fleet management, helping companies transition to EVs without the operational burden."

Tushar Choudhary focuses on accessibility and affordability. "We make EVs viable for a broader audience by producing customizable, cost-effective two-wheelers and partnering with financial institutions. Our strategy also includes expanding distribution, particularly in underserved areas."

Bharath Rao emphasizes B2B solutions, "We are focused on offering reliable, cost-effective solutions for the B2B segment, while increasingly integrating renewable energy into our operations."

For Mitull Batraa, control over the value chain is crucial. "We’ve retained our position as a market leader by maintaining superior product quality and cost efficiency, supported by our in-house Research and Development Wing."

Finally, Pratik Kamdar focuses on innovation in battery technology. "Our 51.2-volt, 200 Ah battery packs don't require liquid cooling but maintain fast-charging capabilities, making EV adoption more accessible and cost-effective."

These insights demonstrate that success in the EV market requires a blend of innovation, customer focus, and commitment to sustainability. Each brand is finding its unique way to stand out in this competitive landscape.

Government Incentives and Subsidies

Government incentives and subsidies have become the cornerstone of the electric vehicle (EV) revolution, significantly reducing the cost of ownership and driving adoption across India. Leaders in the EV industry recognize the vital role these initiatives play in shaping marketing strategies and making EVs more accessible. From FAME II and state-level subsidies to the upcoming FAME III, the government’s involvement is making EVs an attractive, financially viable option for both businesses and consumers.

Vinod Aggarwal, MD & CEO of VECV, emphasizes the government’s ambition: “With policies like FAME, PM e-bus seva, and PLI schemes, India is poised for a rapid transition towards electric commercial vehicles, marking a major step in our journey to a carbon-neutral future.”

Similarly, Akash Gupta of Zypp Electric explains how these incentives make EV transitions more affordable and are key selling points in their client interactions. Kapoor from SAERA Electric Auto Limited highlights that reduced costs from government programs, such as FAME II, have allowed brands to gain consumer trust by aligning with national sustainable goals.

Companies like Jitendra EV, Lord's Automative, and Motovolt Mobility are leveraging these subsidies in their campaigns, emphasizing the lower total cost of ownership and the long-term financial benefits of going electric. Samrath Singh Kochar of Trontek sees these incentives as a game-changer, helping to promote both the affordability and environmental benefits of EVs.

Mitull Batraa of Udaan Vehicles points out that while these subsidies are essential for kickstarting adoption, the long-term success of electric mobility depends on creating a self-sustaining ecosystem.

As Pratik Kamdar from Neuron Energy and Bharath Rao from Emobi suggest, these government-backed incentives are fostering confidence among consumers, enabling the EV market to grow and mature. The ongoing support from the government is pivotal in making electric mobility a practical and attractive choice, driving India's shift towards a cleaner, more sustainable future.

The EV sector’s journey from skepticism to mainstream acceptance reflects the collective efforts of manufacturers, governments, and consumers. While the two-wheeler EV market has outpaced initial expectations, the four-wheeler market continues to grow steadily.

As the EV landscape continues to evolve, differentiation, sustainability, and innovation will remain at the core of the industry’s growth strategy, ensuring that electric mobility becomes the future of transportation.